A portable X-pinch design for x-ray diagnostics of warm dense matter

Strucka J.; Halliday J. W. D.; Gheorghiu T.; Horton H.; Krawczyk B.; Moloney P.; Parker S.; Rowland G.; Schwartz N.; Stanislaus S.; Theocharous S.; Wilson C.; Zhao Z.; Shelkovenko T. A.; Pikuz S. A.; Bland S. N.

doi:10.1063/5.0059926

Volume 7 Issue 1

Jan. 2022

Turn off MathJax

Article Contents

Article Navigation > Matter and Radiation at Extremes > 2022 > 7(1): 016901

Strucka J., Halliday J. W. D., Gheorghiu T., Horton H., Krawczyk B., Moloney P., Parker S., Rowland G., Schwartz N., Stanislaus S., Theocharous S., Wilson C., Zhao Z., Shelkovenko T. A., Pikuz S. A., Bland S. N.. A portable X-pinch design for x-ray diagnostics of warm dense matter[J]. Matter and Radiation at Extremes, 2022, 7(1): 016901. doi: 10.1063/5.0059926

Citation:

Strucka J., Halliday J. W. D., Gheorghiu T., Horton H., Krawczyk B., Moloney P., Parker S., Rowland G., Schwartz N., Stanislaus S., Theocharous S., Wilson C., Zhao Z., Shelkovenko T. A., Pikuz S. A., Bland S. N.. A portable X-pinch design for x-ray diagnostics of warm dense matter[J]. Matter and Radiation at Extremes, 2022, 7(1): 016901. doi: 10.1063/5.0059926

Citation:

Strucka J., Halliday J. W. D., Gheorghiu T., Horton H., Krawczyk B., Moloney P., Parker S., Rowland G., Schwartz N., Stanislaus S., Theocharous S., Wilson C., Zhao Z., Shelkovenko T. A., Pikuz S. A., Bland S. N.. A portable X-pinch design for x-ray diagnostics of warm dense matter[J]. Matter and Radiation at Extremes, 2022, 7(1): 016901. doi: 10.1063/5.0059926

PDF( 29733 KB)

A portable X-pinch design for x-ray diagnostics of warm dense matter

doi: 10.1063/5.0059926

1.
Plasma Physics Group, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
2.
University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
3.
Department of Nuclear, Plasma, and Radiological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
4.
Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia

More Information

Corresponding author: a)Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: jergus.strucka15@imperial.ac.uk
Received Date: 2021-06-14
Accepted Date: 2021-10-19

Available Online: 2022-01-01

Publish Date: 2022-01-01

Abstract

Abstract

We describe the design and x-ray emission properties (temporal, spatial, and spectral) of Dry Pinch I, a portable X-pinch driver developed at Imperial College London. Dry Pinch I is a direct capacitor discharge device, 300 × 300 × 700 mm³ in size and ∼50 kg in mass, that can be used as an external driver for x-ray diagnostics in high-energy-density physics experiments. Among key findings, the device is shown to reliably produce 1.1 ± 0.3 ns long x-ray bursts that couple ∼50 mJ of energy into photon energies from 1 to 10 keV. The average shot-to-shot jitter of these bursts is found to be 10 ± 4.6 ns using a combination of x-ray and current diagnostics. The spatial extent of the x-ray hot spot from which the radiation emanates agrees with previously published results for X-pinches—suggesting a spot size of 10 ± 6 µm in the soft energy region (1–10 keV) and 190 ± 100 µm in the hard energy region (>10 keV). These characteristics mean that Dry Pinch I is ideally suited for use as a probe in experiments driven in the laboratory or at external facilities when more conventional sources of probing radiation are not available. At the same time, this is also the first detailed investigation of an X-pinch operating reliably at current rise rates of less than 1 kA/ns.

FullText(HTML)

References(26)

References

[1]	F. Graziani, M. Desjarlais, R. Redmer, and S. Trickey, Frontiers and Challenges in Warm Dense Matter (Springer, 2014), ISBN: 978-3-319-04911-3.
[2]	K. Falk, “Experimental methods for warm dense matter research,” High Power Laser Sci. Eng. 6, e59 (2018).10.1017/hpl.2018.53
[3]	R. Tommasini, C. Bailey, D. K. Bradley, M. Bowers, H. Chen, J. M. Di Nicola, P. Di Nicola, G. Gururangan, G. N. Hall, C. M. Hardy, D. Hargrove, M. Hermann, M. Hohenberger, J. P. Holder, W. Hsing, N. Izumi, D. Kalantar, S. Khan, J. Kroll, O. L. Landen, J. Lawson, D. Martinez, N. Masters, J. R. Nafziger, S. R. Nagel, A. Nikroo, J. Okui, D. Palmer, R. Sigurdsson, S. Vonhof, R. J. Wallace, and T. Zobrist, “Short pulse, high resolution, backlighters for point projection high-energy radiography at the National Ignition Facility,” Phys. Plasmas 24(5), 053104 (2017).10.1063/1.4983137
[4]	T. A. Shelkovenko, D. B. Sinars, S. A. Pikuz, K. M. Chandler, and D. A. Hammer, “Point-projection x-ray radiography using an X pinch as the radiation source,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 72(1), 667–670 (2001).10.1063/1.1323252
[5]	S. A. Pikuz, T. A. Shelkovenko, D. B. Sinars, K. M. Chandler, and D. A. Hammer, “Phase-contrast x-ray radiography using the X pinch radiation,” Proc. SPIE 4504, 234–239 (2001).10.1117/12.448471
[6]	F. N. Beg, R. B. Stephens, H.-W. Xu, D. Haas, S. Eddinger, G. Tynan, E. Shipton, B. DeBono, and K. Wagshal, “Compact X-pinch based point x-ray source for phase contrast imaging of inertial confinement fusion capsules,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(10), 101502 (2006).10.1063/1.2335959
[7]	M. Millot, F. Coppari, J. R. Rygg, A. C. Barrios, S. Hamel, D. C. Swift, and J. H. Eggert, “Nanosecond X-ray diffraction of shock-compressed superionic water ice,” Nature 569, 251–255 (2019).10.1038/s41586-019-1114-6
[8]	Y. Ping, F. Coppari, D. G. Hicks, B. Yaakobi, D. E. Fratanduono, S. Hamel, J. H. Eggert, J. R. Rygg, R. F. Smith, D. C. Swift, D. G. Braun, T. R. Boehly, and G. W. Collins, “Solid iron compressed up to 560 GPa,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 065501 (2013).10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.065501
[9]	R. Torchio, F. Occelli, O. Mathon, A. Sollier, E. Lescoute, L. Videau, T. Vinci, A. Benuzzi-Mounaix, J. Headspith, W. Helsby, S. Bland, D. Eakins, D. Chapman, S. Pascarelli, and P. Loubeyre, “Probing local and electronic structure in warm dense matter: Single pulse synchrotron x-ray absorption spectroscopy on shocked Fe,” Sci. Rep. 6, 26402 (2016).10.1038/srep26402
[10]	S. P. Theocharous, S. N. Bland, D. Yanuka, A. Rososhek, M. P. Olbinado, A. Rack, and Ya. E. Krasik, “Use of synchrotron-based radiography to diagnose pulsed power driven wire explosion experiments,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 90(1), 013504 (2019).10.1063/1.5055949
[11]	M. G. Haines, “Fifty years of controlled fusion research,” Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 38(5), 643–656 (1996).10.1088/0741-3335/38/5/001
[12]	A. S. Bishop, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, and United Nations International Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy, Project Sherwood: The U.S. Program in Controlled Fusion (Doubleday, New York, 1960).
[13]	S. A. Pikuz, T. A. Shelkovenko, and D. A. Hammer, “X-pinch. Part I,” Plasma Phys. Rep. 41(4), 291–342 (2015).10.1134/S1063780X15040054
[14]	T. A. Shelkovenko, S. A. Pikuz, I. N. Tilikin, M. D. Mitchell, S. N. Bland, and D. A. Hammer, “Evolution of X-pinch loads for pulsed power generators with current from 50 to 5000 kA,” Matter Radiat. Extremes 3(6), 267–277 (2018).10.1016/j.mre.2018.09.001
[15]	F. Zucchini, S. N. Bland, C. Chauvin, P. Combes, D. Sol, A. Loyen, B. Roques, and J. Grunenwald, “Characteristics of a molybdenum X-pinch X-ray source as a probe source for X-ray diffraction studies,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 86(3), 033507 (2015).10.1063/1.4915496
[16]	P. F. Knapp, S. A. Pikuz, T. A. Shelkovenko, D. A. Hammer, and S. B. Hansen, “Time and space resolved measurement of the electron temperature, mass density and ionization state in the ablation plasma between two exploding al wires,” Phys. Plasmas 19(5), 056302 (2012).10.1063/1.3694039
[17]	R. V. Shapovalov, R. B. Spielman, and G. R. Imel, “An oil-free compact X-pinch plasma radiation source: Design and radiation performance,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 88(6), 063504 (2017).10.1063/1.4986460
[18]	G. A. Mesyats, T. A. Shelkovenko, G. V. Ivanenkov, A. V. Agafonov, S. Y. Savinov, S. A. Pikuz, I. N. Tilikin, S. I. Tkachenko, S. A. Chaikovskii, N. A. Ratakhin, V. F. Fedushchak, V. I. Oreshkin, A. V. Fedyunin, A. G. Russkikh, N. A. Labetskaya, A. P. Artemov, D. A. Hammer, and D. B. Sinars, “X-pinch source of subnanosecond soft X-ray pulses based on small-sized low-inductance current generator,” J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 111, 363–370 (2010).10.1134/S1063776110090049
[19]	A. L. Meadowcroft, C. D. Bentley, and E. N. Stott, “Evaluation of the sensitivity and fading characteristics of an image plate system for x-ray diagnostics,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79(11), 113102 (2008).10.1063/1.3013123
[20]	B. L. Henke, J. Y. Uejio, G. F. Stone, C. H. Dittmore, and F. G. Fujiwara, “High-energy x-ray response of photographic films: Models and measurement,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 3(11), 1540–1550 (1986).10.1364/JOSAB.3.001540
[21]
[22]	R. B. Spielman, L. E. Ruggles, R. E. Pepping, S. P. Breeze, J. S. McGurn, and K. W. Struve, “Fielding and calibration issues for diamond photoconducting detectors,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68(1), 782–785 (1997).10.1063/1.1147914
[23]	B. L. Henke, H. T. Yamada, and T. J. Tanaka, “Pulsed plasma source spectrometry in the 80–8000-eV x-ray region,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 54(10), 1311–1330 (1983).10.1063/1.1137264
[24]
[25]	V. M. Romanova, I. N. Tilikin, T. A. Shelkovenko, A. R. Mingaleev, E. A. Bolkhovitinov, A. A. Rupasov, A. E. Ter-Oganesyan, and S. A. Pikuz, “The hybrid X-pinch as a source of XUV radiation,” IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 46(11), 3837–3841 (2018).10.1109/TPS.2018.2870321
[26]	I. H. Mitchell, J. M. Bayley, J. P. Chittenden, J. F. Worley, A. E. Dangor, M. G. Haines, and P. Choi, “A high impedance mega-ampere generator for fiber z-pinch experiments,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 67(4), 1533–1541 (1996).10.1063/1.1146884