Gao Yanqi, Cui Yong, Ji Lailin, Rao Daxing, Zhao Xiaohui, Li Fujian, Liu Dong, Feng Wei, Xia Lan, Liu Jiani, Shi Haitao, Du Pengyuan, Liu Jia, Li Xiaoli, Wang Tao, Zhang Tianxiong, Shan Chong, Hua Yilin, Ma Weixin, Sun Xun, Chen Xianfeng, Huang Xiuguang, Zhu Jian, Pei Wenbing, Sui Zhan, Fu Sizu. Development of low-coherence high-power laser drivers for inertial confinement fusion[J]. Matter and Radiation at Extremes, 2020, 5(6): 065201. doi: 10.1063/5.0009319
Citation:
Gao Yanqi, Cui Yong, Ji Lailin, Rao Daxing, Zhao Xiaohui, Li Fujian, Liu Dong, Feng Wei, Xia Lan, Liu Jiani, Shi Haitao, Du Pengyuan, Liu Jia, Li Xiaoli, Wang Tao, Zhang Tianxiong, Shan Chong, Hua Yilin, Ma Weixin, Sun Xun, Chen Xianfeng, Huang Xiuguang, Zhu Jian, Pei Wenbing, Sui Zhan, Fu Sizu. Development of low-coherence high-power laser drivers for inertial confinement fusion[J]. Matter and Radiation at Extremes, 2020, 5(6): 065201. doi: 10.1063/5.0009319
Gao Yanqi, Cui Yong, Ji Lailin, Rao Daxing, Zhao Xiaohui, Li Fujian, Liu Dong, Feng Wei, Xia Lan, Liu Jiani, Shi Haitao, Du Pengyuan, Liu Jia, Li Xiaoli, Wang Tao, Zhang Tianxiong, Shan Chong, Hua Yilin, Ma Weixin, Sun Xun, Chen Xianfeng, Huang Xiuguang, Zhu Jian, Pei Wenbing, Sui Zhan, Fu Sizu. Development of low-coherence high-power laser drivers for inertial confinement fusion[J]. Matter and Radiation at Extremes, 2020, 5(6): 065201. doi: 10.1063/5.0009319
Citation:
Gao Yanqi, Cui Yong, Ji Lailin, Rao Daxing, Zhao Xiaohui, Li Fujian, Liu Dong, Feng Wei, Xia Lan, Liu Jiani, Shi Haitao, Du Pengyuan, Liu Jia, Li Xiaoli, Wang Tao, Zhang Tianxiong, Shan Chong, Hua Yilin, Ma Weixin, Sun Xun, Chen Xianfeng, Huang Xiuguang, Zhu Jian, Pei Wenbing, Sui Zhan, Fu Sizu. Development of low-coherence high-power laser drivers for inertial confinement fusion[J]. Matter and Radiation at Extremes, 2020, 5(6): 065201. doi: 10.1063/5.0009319
The use of low-coherence light is expected to be one of the effective ways to suppress or even eliminate the laser–plasma instabilities that arise in attempts to achieve inertial confinement fusion. In this paper, a review of low-coherence high-power laser drivers and related key techniques is first presented. Work at typical low-coherence laser facilities, including Gekko XII, PHEBUS, Pharos III, and Kanal-2 is described. The many key techniques that are used in the research and development of low-coherence laser drivers are described and analyzed, including low-coherence source generation, amplification, harmonic conversion, and beam smoothing of low-coherence light. Then, recent progress achieved by our group in research on a broadband low-coherence laser driver is presented. During the development of our low-coherence high-power laser facility, we have proposed and implemented many key techniques for working with low-coherence light, including source generation, efficient amplification and propagation, harmonic conversion, beam smoothing, and precise beam control. Based on a series of technological breakthroughs, a kilojoule low-coherence laser driver named Kunwu with a coherence time of only 300 fs has been built, and the first round of physical experiments has been completed. This high-power laser facility provides not only a demonstration and verification platform for key techniques and system integration of a low-coherence laser driver, but also a new type of experimental platform for research into, for example, high-energy-density physics and, in particular, laser–plasma interactions.
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Figure 1. SHG with two type II crystals in quadrature.
Figure 2. Broadband frequency tripling with two triplers for the OMEGA facility.
Figure 3. Phase-matching curve for frequency tripling of chirp pulses. Reprinted with permission from Raoult et al., Opt. Lett. 24(5), 354-356 (1999). Copyright 1999 Optical Society of America.
Figure 4. Focal spot reshaping using a phase element.
Figure 5. Schematic of the ISI method. Reprinted with permission from Zhao et al., Appl. Opt. 58(8), 2121–2126 (2019). Copyright 2019 Optical Society of America.
Figure 6. (a) Demonstration of the echelon-free ISI method. Reprinted with permission from Lehmberg et al., J. Appl. Phys. 62(7), 2680–2701 (1987). Copyright 1987 AIP Publishing LLC. (b) Spatial mode dispersion in the optical fiber smoothing method. Reprinted with permission from Veron et al., Opt. Commun. 65, 42–46 (1988). Copyright 1988 Elsevier.
Figure 7. Optical frequency as a function of time for different light sources: (a1) high-coherence pulse; (b1) chirped pulse and transform-limited pulse; (c1) phase-modulated pulse; (d1) instantaneous broadband pulse. (a2), (b2), (c2), and (d2) are the corresponding frequency–phase diagrams.
Figure 8. Schematic of the low-coherence front-end system. AWG, arbitrary waveform generator; AM, amplitude modulator; OC, optical circulator; SM LD, single-mode laser diode; WDM, wavelength division multiplexer; AOM, acoustic optical modulator; FC, fiber collimator; M, mirror; HWP, half-wave plate; P, polarizer; BC, birefringent crystal; MMLD, multimode laser diode. Reprinted with permission from Rao et al., Opt. Laser Technol. 122, 105850 (2020). Copyright 2020 Elsevier.
Figure 9. Illustration of the pulse shapes that can be generated by our system: (a) square pulse; (b) high-contrast pulse; (c) exponential pulse; (d) spectra of different pulse shapes. Reprinted with permission from Rao et al., Opt. Laser Technol. 122, 105850 (2020). Copyright 2020 Elsevier.
Figure 10. (a) Spectrum without spectral control. (b) Spectrum with a nearly flat top. (c) Saddle-type spectrum for a Nd:glass amplifier. (d) Temporal profiles of the spectra in (a)–(c). Reprinted with permission from Rao et al., Opt. Laser Technol. 122, 105850 (2020). Copyright 2020 Elsevier.
Figure 11. Schematic of the high-gain preamplifier: FE, front end; RA, repetitive amplifier; SA, single-shot amplifier; FA, fiber amplifier; HWP, half-wave plate; FR, Faraday rotator; PC, Pockels cell; PBS, polarizing beam splitter; BF, birefringent filter; P, polarizer; M, mirror; BE, beam expander; LCSM, liquid crystal spatial modulator; PSF, spatial filter; Φ, Nd:glass rod (diameter, mm); EOS, electro-optical switch. Reprinted with permission from Cui et al., Opt. Lett. 44(11), 2859–2862 (2019). Copyright 2019 Optical Society of America.
Figure 12. (a) Temporal and (b) spectral profiles of the light in the single-shot amplifier. The “sa” label indicates the saddle-shaped spectrum. Reprinted with permission from Cui et al., Opt. Lett. 44(11), 2859–2862 (2019). Copyright 2019 Optical Society of America.
Figure 13. Visibility of interference fringes at different locations. The dots are experimental results, and the curves are fitting results. FE, front end, RA, repetitive amplifier, SA, single-shot amplifier. Reprinted with permission from Cui et al., Opt. Lett. 44(11), 2859–2862 (2019). Copyright 2019 Optical Society of America.
Figure 14. Schematic layout of the main amplifier. SF, spatial filter, M, mirror, L, lens.
Figure 15. Spectra of preamplifier and main amplifier.
Figure 16. (a) Temporal profile and (b) output energy of main amplifier.
Figure 17. (a) Near-field pattern and (b) far-field profile in the main amplifier section.
Figure 18. Results of SHG in the low-coherence laser facility. Reprinted with permission from Ji et al., Opt. Lett. 44(17), 4359–4362 (2019). Copyright 2019 Optical Society of America.
Figure 19. Near fields of the fundamental wave (a) and the second harmonic (b), and the corresponding far fields of the fundamental wave (c) and the second harmonic (d). (a) and (c) are reprinted with permission from Cui et al., Opt. Lett. 44(11), 2859–2862 (2019). Copyright 2019 Optical Society of America. (b) and (d) are reprinted with permission from Ji et al., Opt. Lett. 44(17), 4359–4362 (2019). Copyright 2019 Optical Society of America.
Figure 20. Experimental and simulation results for second-harmonic efficiency vs fundamental wave energy when a KDP crystal is used.
Figure 21. Temporal intensity distribution of second-harmonic conversion measured by a streak camera with a resolution of 11 ps.
Figure 22. Schematic of ISI + LA method.
Figure 23. Focal spots obtained using ISI + LA with smoothing times (a) T = τ, (b) T = 10τ, (c) T = 100τ, and (d) T = 1000τ. (e)–(h) show the corresponding x-axis intensity distributions. Reprinted with permission from Zhao et al., Appl. Opt. 58(8), 2121–2126 (2019). Copyright 2019 Optical Society of America.
Figure 24. (a) Experimental focal spot using partial ISI + LA with broadband light. (b) Theoretical result. Reprinted with permission from Li et al., Appl. Opt. 59(10), 2976–2982 (2020). Copyright 2020 Optical Society of America.
Figure 25. (a) Phase distribution of a CPP for a 200 µm circular spot. (b) Corresponding simulated focal spot using the CPP with 10 × 10 ISI.
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